Figure 5: Calculated ionization rates.
From: Investigation of femtosecond collisional ionization rates in a solid-density aluminium plasma
Comparison between collisional ionization rates of Auger and thermal electrons during the FEL pulse for charge states 3+ to 8+, at a photon energy of 1,630 eV. Each charge state population is seen to peak at times when thermal ionization exceeds the ionization driven by the Auger electrons by over an order of magnitude.
