Figure 2: Catalytic performance of bimetallic and monometallic catalysts. | Nature Communications

Figure 2: Catalytic performance of bimetallic and monometallic catalysts.

From: High performing and stable supported nano-alloys for the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

Figure 2

(a) Production of GVL as a function of time during the hydrogenation of LA using monometallic 1% Au/TiO2 (MIm) (red circles) and 1% Pd/TiO2 (MIm) (blue triangles) and bimetallic 1% Au-Pd/TiO2 (MIm) (black squares) catalysts. (b) Comparison of GVL productivities of TiO2 supported Au, Pd and Au-Pd catalysts after 4 h of reaction time. (c) Production of GVL as a function of time during the hydrogenation of LA using monometallic 1% Ru/TiO2 (MIm) (red circles, Ru-2), 1% Ru/TiO2 (MIm, 0 M HCl) (black squares, Ru-3) and bimetallic 1% Ru-Pd/TiO2 (MIm) (blue triangles, Ru-Pd) catalysts. (d) Comparison of GVL productivities of supported 1% Ru/TiO2 (WIm) (Ru-1), 1% Ru/TiO2 (MIm) (Ru-2), 1% Ru/TiO2 (MIm, 0 M HCl) (Ru-3) and 1% Ru-Pd/TiO2 (MIm) (Ru-Pd) after 4 h of reaction time. Reaction conditions: T=473 K; pH2=40 bar; 10 wt% LA in dioxane; LA to Ru weight ratio=1,000.

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