Figure 1: Types of energy level alignment and chemical structures.

Energy level alignment favourable for (a) energy transfer and subsequent light emission and (b) exciton dissociation and charge separation. Chemical structures of (c) L4P-sp3 and (d) the donor ruthenium pentamethylcyclopentadienyl mesitylene [RuCp*mes]2. The spectrum in (c) shows the absorption spectrum of a L4P-sp3 thin film.