Figure 3: Two transitions in microwave spectra.
From: Microwave spectroscopy of the low-filling-factor bilayer electron solid in a wide quantum well

Microwave spectra, Re (σxx), versus frequency, f, at fixed ν from 0.29 to 0.45 vertically offset for clarity as marked on the right axis with step of 0.005, at n=1.26. Vertical scale is marked on the left axis. The spectra at low ν are dominated by a pinning mode resonance attributed to an electron solid. The spectra suggest the occurrence of two transitions within the solid, one at ν=0.315 and the other at ν=0.34, marked as ν1 and ν2, respectively. At each transition the peak frequency, fpk, exhibits an abrupt upward jump, and the amplitude of the resonance exhibits a minimum. The broad, weak peak at ∼0.3 GHz is an artefact because of a reflection near the sample mounting.