Table 1 Detailed reaction mechanisms at each intermediate step of oxygen reduction path I described in Fig. 5.

From: Antimony-doped graphene nanoplatelets

Reaction step

Reaction path

0→1

Sb-OH+O2+2H2O+4e−→Sb-OH(O2)+2H2O+4e−

1→2

Sb-OH(O2)+2H2O+4e−→Sb-OH(OOH)+OH−+H2O+3e−

2→3

Sb-OH(OOH)+OH−+H2O+3e−→Sb-OH(O)+2OH−+H2O+2e−

3→4

Sb-OH(O)+2OH−+H2O+2e−→Sb-OH(OH)+3OH−+e−

4→5

Sb-OH(OH)+3OH−+e−→Sb-OH+4OH−

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