Figure 3: Ellipse Evolution (ElEvo) model for the CME shock in the heliosphere and near-Earth solar wind.
From: Strong coronal channelling and interplanetary evolution of a solar storm up to Earth and Mars
(a) Heliospheric positions of various planets and spacecraft on 7 January 2014 at 19:00 UT. The shape of the CME shock given by ElEvo is plotted for different timesteps as indicated by colours. The model parameters (bottom left) are stated for the last timestep tMars=10 January 22:30 UT. For the same time, the ‘shape constraint’ gives a window for the heliocentric distance of the ellipse segment along the Sun–Earth line, making the ellipse shape consistent with tEarth. (b–g) Solar wind magnetic field and bulk proton parameters in near-Earth space (Wind SWE/MFI) for 9–11 January 2014. (b) Total magnetic field (black) and components Bx (magenta) and By (yellow); (c) magnetic field Bz component (in Geocentric Solar Ecliptic coordinates); (d) proton bulk speed; (e) proton density; (f) proton temperature (black, expected temperature40,63 from the solar wind speed in blue) and (g) geomagnetic Dst index. The first vertical solid line from the left indicates the arrival of the shock, and the second vertical line delimits the end of the ICME sheath region, which does not seem to be followed by a magnetic ejecta.
