Figure 4: Crystallization kinetics of DNA-coated colloids at various temperatures.

Snapshots from Supplementary Movies 3–6 showing the nucleation and crystal growth process of a CsCl lattice assembled from 0.54-μm A particles and 0.54-μm B particles at (a) 28.3 °C, (b) 27.9 °C, (c) 27.5 °C and (d) 27.0 °C. The melting temperature is 28.9 °C. The time in minutes after quench is indicated at the upper left of each snapshot. (e) Time-temperature-transformation diagram of the CsCl lattice showing the time required for 5, 50 and 90% crystal conversion at four temperatures. The ‘C’ shape indicates that the nucleation and overall transformation rate is maximized at intermediate temperatures and decreases when the temperature is either lowered or raised. The connecting lines are for illustration purposes only. (f) Diagram showing that the crystal growth rate increases as temperature increases. The growth rate is measured as the average number of particles added to crystal per minute in the observation plane after nucleation.