Figure 3: Neuronal protection and inhibition of IL-1β maturation by ibrutinib in ischaemic brain injury.

Infarct volume on day 4 after stroke onset (a) and neurological scores (b) of mice treated with PBS or ibrutinib (3.125 mg kg−1 per day on Day 0, 1) immediately after stroke onset (n=9 for PBS and n=8 for ibrutinib). Infarct volume on day 4 after stroke onset of mice treated with PBS or ibrutinib 12 (c) or 24 h (d) after stroke onset (n=6). Scale bars, 1 mm (a,c,d). (e) mRNA levels of IL-1β or IL-6 in the ischaemic brain tissue on day 1 and 4 after stroke onset (n=3). (f) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of IL-1β, IL-6 or TNF-α in the ischaemic brain lysate on day 1 after stroke onset (n=3). (g) mRNA levels of IL-1β or IL-6 in the ischaemic brain on day 1 after stroke onset (n=3). (h) mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6 or IL-23 in mononuclear cell fractions on day 1 after stroke onset (n=5). Data are representative of three independent experiments. Data are presented as mean±s.e.m. *P<0.05; **P<0.01. Two-sided Student’s t-test.