Figure 6: Structure and performance of ZSO-based flexible perovskite solar cell.

(a) Cross-sectional SEM image and photograph of the ZSO-based flexible perovskite solar cell (scale bar, 500 nm). (b) Energy levels of the materials used in this study. (c) Photocurrent density–voltage (J–V) curve measured by reverse scan with 10 mV voltage steps and 40 ms delay times under AM 1.5 G illumination. (d) EQE spectrum of the ZSO-based flexible perovskite solar cell. (e) Transmittance and reflectance spectra of PEN/ITO/ZSO, PEN/ITO/TiO2 and PEN/ITO substrate. A dense TiO2 film was fabricated by TiO2 NPs obtained from a non-hydrolytic sol gel route9 (Supplementary Fig. 12).