Figure 4: Immune cells are not fully activated in the absence of CD169+ macrophages.

(a) Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in LP myeloid cells from WT (black bar) or CD169-DTR (white bar) mice administered with 3.5% DSS for the indicated number of days were determined by qRT–PCR. (b) IL-17 or IL-22 mRNA levels in colon tissues from WT (black bar) or CD169-DTR (white bar) mice that received DSS for 7 days were determined by qRT–PCR. Expression levels were calculated as relative amounts normalized to beta actin and shown as fold induction compared with the expression in WT naive myeloid cells (a) or colon (b). n=4 (a) or 10 (b). Average values are shown with s.d.*P<0.05, **P<0.01, Student’s t-test.