Figure 7: Effect of the reef on storm damage.
From: Destructive tsunami-like wave generated by surf beat over a coral reef during Typhoon Haiyan
(a) Wave variance spectra for various typhoon intensities output from SWAN in 150 m water depth offshore of Hernani. These spectra are used to drive the wavemaker in the BOSZ and OpenFOAM domains of Fig. 5. The 100% intensity storm is the SWAN result using measured storm track data9, while the others use storm track data with pressure drop and maximum wind speed reduced to the percent amount indicated. The resulting significant wave heights for decreasing storm intensity are 19.7, 17.1, 13.8 and 7.9 m, respectively. (b–e) Spectral density of hu2, which is proportional to hydrodynamic force of equation (6), from the one-dimensional BOSZ model at the location of the beach for the 100, 80, 60 and 40% intensity storms, respectively.
