Figure 5: Muscimol-regulated anion-stimulated malate efflux at alkaline pH correlates with wheat root growth and modulates membrane potential.

All experiments use ET8 and ES8 seedlings. (a) Malate efflux from, or, (b) root growth of, wheat roots after 22 h bathed in basal solution at pH 9 + 10 mM SO₄²⁻ ± 10 μM muscimol (Mus). (c) Membrane potential difference (PD) across the plasma membrane of wheat root apical cells in response to 10 mM SO₄^2– at pH 8. (d) PD in response to 10 mM SO₄^2– at pH 8 +10 μM muscimol (Mus) treatment. The Black scale bar indicates value prior to treatment and the clear bar is in presence of treatment. * indicates significant differences between genotypes at P<0.05 using a one-way a two-tailed t-test (a,b). Biological replicates for a and b are n=5 and c and d are n=4. All error bars are ±s.e.m. Controls are shown in Supplementary Fig. 8. Experiments in a and b are repeated at least twice.