Figure 4: The conserved glutamines in the HDAC4 N-terminal region are required for rod protection in rd1 mice.

(a) Cross-species alignment of HDAC4 N-terminal protein sequences reveals conserved glutamine residues, which were mutated to alanines in HDAC4 1–129 19QA (mutated glutamines labelled in red and yellow) and 7QA (mutated glutamines labelled in red). CtBP-binding motif was also mutated in HDAC4 1–129 M4. (b) Rod protection by HDAC4 N-terminal mutants in comparison to its wild-type form in rd1 mice at P50. Scale bar, 40 μm. (c) Quantification of the preserved rods per 25,600 μm2 on the flat-mount retina. Data are presented as mean±s.d., n=6–10. (d) Expression of HDAC4 N-terminal mutants was detected by western blots in transfected HEK293T cells. Full scan images of western blot data are provided in Supplementary Fig. 10.