Figure 3: Increased ROS production and compromised mitochondria functions.

(a) Expression profile of affected mitochondrial genes in day 16 hearts. Blue marks downregulated and red depicts upregulated genes. (b–e) Day 9 hearts. (b) Activities of mitochondrial ETC enzymes normalized to citrate synthase (CS) activities. (c) Oxyblot analysis on mitochondria protein oxidation status. Hsp60 serves as loading control. (d) Activities of mitochondria aconitase at native and reduced forms, normalized to total mitochondria protein levels. N=3 for each genotype. (e) Mitochondria oxygen consumption rates. (f,g) Day 4 hearts. (f) Expression levels of key mitochondria ETC and ROS scavenger genes. N=6 (CTRL) and 10 (OE). (g) ChIP-qPCR results of COUP-TFII binding at genomic loci of ETC and ROS scavenger genes. N=3 for each genotype. RCR, respiratory control ratio. Oligo, effect of oligomycin. N=3 for each genotypes. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001 (t-test) between CTRL and OE. Error bars denote the s.e.m.