Figure 2: Ensemble averaging of the MC at 250 mK.
From: Strong interface-induced spin–orbit interaction in graphene on WS2
(a) Colour-coded MC, ΔG(B), as a function of Vg, with the background conductance slowly varying in Vg subtracted. The large background conductance fluctuations originating from phase-coherent interference of electron waves are apparent, and nearly completely obscure the effect of WAL around B=0 T. (b) Evolution of the averaged MC on increasing the number N of uncorrelated MC traces used to calculate the average (N=1, 9 and 25; curves offset for clarity): the conductance peak at zero B associated to WAL becomes apparent for sufficiently large values of N. (c) Two MC traces measured at Vg=−25 V (red and black curves) demonstrating the excellent reproducibility of the conductance fluctuations. (d) After averaging over N different curves, the root mean square amplitude of the conductance fluctuations (δG) decreases proportionally to N−1/2 as expected for a proper ensemble-averaging process. (e) Zoomed-in view of the ensemble-averaged MC (for N=25), which clearly exhibits a sharp conductance peak at B=0 T.
