Table 3 Baseline biomarkers predicting viral rebound after TI.

From: Immunological biomarkers predict HIV-1 viral rebound after treatment interruption

Biomarker expression on T cells

N =20

Unadjusted HR (CI) P-value

Adjusted for baseline HIV-1 DNA

HR (CI) P-value

Adjusted for week 48 HIV-1 DNA

HR (CI) P-value

PD-1 CD4+

1.35 (1.07–1.71)

P=0.011

1.46 (1.06–1.85)

P=0.016

1.42 (1.10–1.84)

P=0.0074

PD-1 CD8+

1.15 (1.02–1.32)

P=0.029

1.37 (0.96–1.35)

P=0.15

1.15 (1.01–1.32)

P=0.034

Tim-3 CD4+

1.25 (1.12–1.40)

P<0.001

1.36 (1.16–1.60)

P=0.009

1.27 (1.12–1.14)

P<0.001

Tim-3 CD8+

1.11 (1.04–1.20)

P=0.0036

1.15 (1.06–1.26)

P=0.0011

1.11 (1.03–1.20)

P=0.0034

Lag-3 CD4+

1.08 (1.03–1.15)

P=0.0036

1.082 (1.02–1.15)

P=0.0066

1.09 (1.028–1.14)

P=0.0035

Lag-3 CD8+

1.104 (1.03–1.19)

P=0.0093

1.129 (0.99–1.28)

P=0.056

1.24 (1.02–1.24)

P=0.015

  1. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; TI, treatment interruption; VL, viral load.
  2. Cox models reporting biomarkers measured at pre-therapy baseline (week 0) and time to plasma VL rebound (>400 copies per ml) after TI, 48 weeks later. Columns represent three models: unadjusted, adjusting for baseline HIV-1 Total DNA and adjusting for week 48 HIV-1 Total DNA.
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