Table 2 Meta-analysis of associations between transcriptomic Δage with twelve biological ageing phenotypes.

	Adjusted for chronological age				Adjusted for chronological age+BMI
Phenotype of Interest	Z -score	P -value	Direction	N	Z -score	P*-value	Direction	N
Sex: 0=male, 1=female	−2.7610	5.76E−03	−−+−−+−+	8,836	0.7500	4.53E−01	−−+++−−+	8,829
Systolic bloodpressure: mm Hg	9.8510	6.78E−23	++++++++	8,571	9.3740	6.97E−21	++++++++	8,564
Diastolic bloodpressure: mm Hg	7.7200	1.16E−14	++++++++	8,568	6.8020	1.03E−11	++++++++	8,561
Total cholesterol levels: mmol l⁻¹	5.4190	5.99E−08	+++++−++	8,688	4.6370	3.53E−06	+++++−++	8,681
HDL cholesterol levels: mmol l⁻¹	4.4630	8.07E−06	+++++−+−	8,687	5.8310	5.52E−09	+++++−++	8,680
Fasting glucose levels: mmol l⁻¹	6.9330	4.11E−12	++++++??	7,330	5.8920	3.82E−09	++++++??	7,323
BMI: kg m⁻²	5.3860	7.21E−08	++++++++	8,829	NA	NA	NA	NA
Waist hip ratio	3.3800	7.25E−04	++??++++	4,837	1.9370	5.27E−02	++??++++	4,837
Hand grip strength: kg	−1.5120	1.31E−01	++?−????	3,651	−1.1760	2.40E−01	++?−????	3,651
Renal function	0.8740	3.82E−01	+++−+?−?	7,317	−0.4890	6.25E−01	+++−+?−?	7,310
Mini mental state exam score	−1.3130	1.89E−01	−−??????	1,492	−1.3810	1.67E−01	−−??????	1,492
Current smoking: 0=no, 1=yes	5.5100	3.59E−08	+−?+++−−	7,379	3.2040	1.36E−03	−−?+++−−	7,379

BMI, body mass index; NA, not available.
We tested whether the transcriptomic delta age was associated with twelve biological phenotypes known to be associated with chronological age. Gene expression levels were adjusted for plate ID, RNA quality score, fasting state, sex, smoking status and cell counts. Association results of all cohorts were meta-analysed. After adjustment for chronological age and BMI (right columns), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol levels, HDL cholesterol levels, and fasting glucose levels were significantly positively associated with the delta age (P<4.17E−3). Samples predicted to be older (positive delta age) consistently had higher levels for these ageing phenotypes.
Delte age=transcriptomic age−chronological age; +Z-score=increasing phenotype with higher predicted age; −Z-score=decreasing phenotype with higher predicted age; *if P<(0.05/12=4.17E−3), significance has been reached.

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