Figure 2: Transport properties of nanoscaffold SDC–STO films.

(a) Frequency dependence of the real part of ac conductivity σ_ac′ measured in the nanoscaffold SDC–STO film with variation of temperature. The ionic conductivity σ is defined from the plateaus of σ_ac′, as indicated by solid circles. The error bars in the solid circles represent the possible spread in plateau positions. (b) Temperature dependence of σ for the nanoscaffold SDC–STO film. For comparison, we include those for the plain SDC, YSZ and STO films that we grew. The error bars of the σ values represent the small variation of the plateaus of σ_ac′. We also include the σ values for GDC^1,3, Sm_0.075Nd_0.075Ce_0.85O_2−δ(SNDC)³, GDC–YSZ nanocomposites²⁷ and SDC–YSZ multilayers⁴² reported in the literature.