Table 1 Summary of results.

From: Unravelling structural ambiguities in lithium- and manganese-rich transition metal oxides

Technique

Conclusion

HAADF STEM imaging

Spinel structure on the surface based on [010], [121] and [111] zone axes, some antisite defects in the spinel.

Core-loss EELS

O-edge signature and L3/L2 ratios indicate lower oxidation states of Mn and Co.

Li K edge/low-loss EELS

Li is present, but in lower concentration compared with the bulk.

Li K edge indicates a spinel structure in the surface and layered in the bulk.

XEDS

Co and Ni segregation on the surface, Mn and O depletion.

  1. EELS, electron energy loss spectroscopy; HAADF, high-angle annular dark field; STEM, scanning transmission electron microscopy; XEDS, X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy.
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