Figure 8: Elementary excitations in the vicinity of filling factor ν=1/3.
From: Fractionally charged skyrmions in fractional quantum Hall effect
(b,g) indicate the partially spin-polarized and the fully spin-polarized ground states at ν≳1/3, and (m) indicates the fully spin-polarized ground state for ν≲1/3. The other panels (a, c–f, h–l, n) show the excitations obtained by either promoting (or demoting) a single composite fermion to a higher (lower) Λ level or flipping its spin or doing both. (c) shows the negatively charged fractional skyrmion (FS−) excitation and (n) shows the FS+ excitation.
