Figure 3: Gene expression at flowering time.

(a) Clustered transcription factor and stress-responsive genes with high expression in panicles. Gene expression was measured by quantified transcription levels (reads per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads, RPKM³⁷) derived from transcriptome analysis. The gene expression levels in the tip of a 20-cm-long shoot (S20), the tip of a 50-cm-long shoot (S50), the rhizome (RH), the root (RT), the panicle at the early stage (P1) and the panicle at the flowering stage (P2) were normalized to the fold change over the expression levels in the leaf (LF) and are indicated by color. The abbreviations indicating the conserved domains encoded by flowering genes are listed in Supplementary Table 16. (b) Predicted pathway in the control of flowering time in bamboo. Blue arrows indicate that the involved genes are more highly expressed in the floral tissues, whereas red double-headed arrows indicate that the genes are not activated. Single dashed arrows represent pathways that were not used during flowering. Double dashed arrow represents stronger connections between drought-responsive and FMI genes.