Figure 4: Serum responses to N. americanus antigens vary with age and infection intensity.

The heat map shows the immunoreactivity of 22 antigens to the IgG antibodies from groups of uninfected individuals, infected children <14 years old and infected adults >45 years old (n = 8 in each group). Duplicate crude somatic extracts from iL3 and adult stages were included as control naive antigens. Every other row represents an individual recombinant in vitro translation product. The bar chart shows the mean immunoreactivity of the three groups for each antigen, measured by mean fluorescence intensity. 'iL3' and 'Adult' labels denote stage-specific expression of indicated antigens, measured by RNA-seq data. Significant differences in antibody responses between human adults and children were detected with Student's t-test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; NS, no significant difference.