Supplementary Figure 3: Duplication series to delineate the MNE region.

(a) Schematic representation of the positions and LacZ expression patterns in E11.5 embryos for the 10a, 13a and 20a transposon insertions. Regulatory regions are indicated as before. The topological boundary found around the Gsdmc cluster⁶⁷, which overlaps with the regulatory transition between the different landscapes, is shown with double red brackets. (b) Schematic representation of the trans-allelic Cre-mediated recombination⁵¹ used to produce the different duplications, as a reciprocal product of the deletions. (c) Representation of the different duplications and (d) associated LacZ expression in E11.5 embryos. Duplications encompassing the region (10–13) led to expression in the fronto- and medionasal processes, whereas a duplication of the region (13–20) conferred expression in the nasal epithelium only. Even though it is unclear whether topological boundaries are fully respected in the context of rearrangements⁶⁸, the different expression of the LacZ sensor for the dup(10–20) and dup(13–20) alleles, which place it at the same distance from the centromeric CL/P region (blue oval), can be better explained by the contribution of enhancer elements lying in the duplicated telomeric regions.