Table 2 Highly ranked targets with available approved drugs as chemical leads

From: Whipworm genome and dual-species transcriptome analyses provide molecular insights into an intimate host-parasite interaction

Gene ID	Gene annotation	Drugs
016011100	Fatty acid synthase	Cerulenin^a, orlistat^b
022000400	Na⁺,K⁺ ATPase α subunit 1	Digitoxin^c, almitrine^d, bepridil^e, bretylium^f, diazoxide^g, ethacrynic acid^h, hydroflumethiazide^h, others*
186000500	Serine/threonine protein kinase mTOR	Everolimusⁱ, pimecrolimus^j, sirolimusⁱ, temsirolimus^k, topotecan^k
016005900	DNA topoisomerase 1*	Irinotecan^k, lucanthone^l, sodium stibogluconate^m
217000500	Receptor type tyrosine phosphatase	Alendronateⁿ, etidronic acidⁿ
010006100	Calmodulin	Aprindine^f, bepridil^e, dibucaine^o, felodipine^p, fluphenazine^q, loperamide^r, phenoxybenzamine^s, others*
069002800	Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase subunit	Cladribine^k, gallium nitrateⁿ
117003600	Adenosine deaminase	Dipyridamole^t, nelarabine^k, theophylline^u, Vidarabine^v
023008600	Dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein	Bosutinib^k, trametinib^k
029000100	LDL receptor and EGF-domain-containing protein	Gentamicin^w
170000300	Integrin α pat 2	Antithymocyte globulin^x
123000500	Tyrosine protein kinase Src42A	Dasatinib^k
013002700	NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase	Benzphetamine^y, daunorubicin^k, ethylmorphine^z, nitrofurantoin^w, others*
061001100	DNA polymerase ɛ catalytic subunit A	Cladribine^k
025003000	Tubulin γ1 chain	Vinblastine^k
092002800	DNA ligase 1	Bleomycin^aa
022003300	Amidophosphoribosyltransferase	Fluorouracil^k
229000900	V type proton ATPase subunit A	Alendronateⁿ, others*
012007400	V type proton ATPase subunit B	Gallium nitrateⁿ
031000300	ADP, ATP carrier protein	Clodronateⁿ
304000500	Phenylalanine 4 hydroxylase	Droxidopa^bb
001008300	Proteasome subunit β type 2	Bortezomib^k, carfilzomib^k
076002300	Proteasome subunit β type 5	Bortezomib^k, carfilzomib^k
064003100	DNA polymerase α catalytic subunit	Cladribine^k, others*
225000200	Short/branched chain–specific acyl CoA	Valproic acid^cc
106001600	Histone deacetylase	Aminophylline^dd, lovastatin^ee, vorinostat^k, others*
050001800	Cytochrome c	Minocycline^w
060007700	Proteasome subunit β type 1	Bortezomib^k, carfilzomib^k
016000600	NADH dehydrogenase ubiquinone Fe S protein	Doxorubicin^k

Listings of approved drugs obtained from DrugBank⁵¹. Drug targets have been filtered for predicted essentiality in C. elegans, a ChEMBL Ensembl score of ≥0.5, transcript expression of >100 edgeR-normalized RNA-seq reads per kilobase of gene length in adult parasites and inferred availability of an approved and possibly suitable drug (excluding, for example, hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂); Supplementary Tables 13 and 14). Drug purposes are indicated by footnote. Asterisks indicate other drugs (with similar activities to those listed), which are not shown.
^aAntifungal.
^bAnti-obesity.
^cCardiac glycoside (heart failure and arrhythmia).
^dRespiratory stimulant.
^eAngina.
^fAntiarrhythmia.
^gVasodilator (hypertension).
^hDiuretic (hypertension and edema).
ⁱImmunosuppressant.
^jEczema.
^kCancer.
^lSchistosomicide.
^mLeishmaniasis.
ⁿOsteoporosis.
^oLocal anesthetic.
^pCalcium channel blockers (hypertension, angina, migraine).
^qAntipsychotic (schizophrenia).
^rDiarrhea.
^sα-adrenergic antagonist.
^tVasodilator (stroke, heart attack).
^uAsthma.
^vAntiviral.
^wAntibiotic.
^xOrgan transplant.
^yAnorectic.
^zAnalgesic.
^aaPlantar wart (veruca).
^bbNeurotransmitter prodrug (hypotension).
^ccAnticonvulsant and mood stabilizer.
^ddBronchodilator.
^eeStatin (hypercholesterolemia).

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Table 2 Highly ranked targets with available approved drugs as chemical leads

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