Supplementary Figure 1: Research strategy of this study.

Whole-exome sequencing was performed for 32 GBC pairs, and ultra-deep targeted gene sequencing was performed for 51 GBC pairs. The recurrently mutated genes, as determined from the exome data, were included in the targeted gene panels. Recurrently mutated genes and pathways were evaluated for the two data sets. By combining the 2 data sets, 21 of 57 GBC patients carrying non-silent somatic mutation(s) of ErbB pathways were identified. Oncology studies of the ErbB family on GBC cell lines were conducted, and associations between ErbB pathway mutations and prognosis were assessed.