Figure 2: Key observations in the Southern Ocean.
From: Closure of the meridional overturning circulation through Southern Ocean upwelling
a, Climatological positions of the subantarctic front (SAF) and polar front (PF) are marked in orange, with the thickness of the line representing the variance in the latitudinal position. The green arrows indicate the observed speed and direction of surface ocean currents as measured by drifters floating at a depth of 15 m (note the scale in the upper right-hand side). The depth of the ocean is colour coded in blue: the main topographic features are labelled. The black lines mark the summer (minimum) and winter (maximum) extent of sea ice. The position of key hydrographic sections are marked by the thick grey lines. b, T (temperature), S (salinity), and O2 sections along 30° E (coloured red in a) cutting across the ACC from Africa towards Antarctica. Black contours are labelled in °C (for T), psu (for S) and μmol l−1 (for O2). The thick white line is the 27.6 kg m−3 density surface.
