Abstract
Carole Heilman (Division of AIDS at the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) and David Baltimore (President of the California Institute of Technology) review current research efforts toward developing anti-HIV vaccines. While recognizing the extraordinary challenges involved in developing a vaccine, Heilman and Baltimore stress that important steps have been taken and that as such there is room for optimism.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
D'Souza, M.P. & Harden, V.A. Chemokines and HIV-1 second receptors. Confluence of two fields generates optimism in AIDS research. Nature Med. 2, 1293–1300 (1996).
Zhu, T. et al. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 in patients with Primary infection. Science 261, 1179–1181 (1993).
Moore, J.P. & Ho, D.D. HIV-1 neutralization: the consequences of viral adaptation to growth on transformed T cells. AIDS 9 Suppl. A., S117–S136 (1995).
Zolla-Pazner, S. Neutralization of several HIV01 primary isolates by sera from HlV-negative recipients of candidate HIV vaccines. In Onziòeme Colloque Des Cent Gardes: Retroviruses of Human AIDS and Related Animal Diseases, 27–29 October 1997, Marnes-la-Coquette, Paris, France (eds. Girard, M. & Dodet, B.).
Burton, D.R. A vaccine for HIV type 1: The antibody perspective. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94, 10018–10023 (1997).
Sodroski, J.G. HIV-1 entry into cells: Targets for drug and vaccine development. In 5th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 1–5, 1998, Chicago, IL, USA
Reitter, J.N., Means, R.E. & Desrosiers, R.C. A role for carbohydrates in immune evasion in AIDS. In Onzième Colloque Des Cent Gardes: Retroviruses of Human AIDS and Related Animal Diseases, 27–29 October 1997, Marnes-la-Coquette, Paris, France (eds. Girard, M. & Dodet, B.).
Albert, J. et al. Rapid development of isolate-specific neutralizing antibodies after primary HIV-1 infection and consequent emergence of virus variants which resist neutralization by autologous sera. AIDS 4, 107–112 (1990).
McKnight, A. et al. Development of HIV-1 group-specific neutralizing antibodies after seroconversion. AIDS 6, 799–802 (1992).
Pilgrim, A.K. et al. Neutralizing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in primary infection and long-term non-progressive infection. J. Infect. Dis. 176, 924–932 (1997).
Montefiori, D.C. et al. Neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in long-term non-progressors. J. Infect. Dis. 173, 60–67 (1996).
Cao, Y. et al. Virologic an immunologic characterization of long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 332, 201–208 (1995).
Pantaleo, G. et al. Studies in subject with long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 332, 209–216 (1995).
Harrer, T. et al. Strong cytotoxic T cell and weak neurtalizing antibody responses in a subset of persons with stable nonprogressing HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 12, 585–592 (1996).
D'Souza, M.P. et al. Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies to HIV-1 primary isolates by neutralization assays: performance criteria for selecting candidate antibodies for clinical trials. J. Infect. Dis. 175, 1056–1062 (1997).
Trkola, A. et al. Cross Clade neutralization of primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by human monoclonal antibodies and tetrameric CD4-IgG. J. Virol. 69, 6609–6617 (1995).
Trkola, A. et al. Human monoclonal antibody 2G12 defines a distinctive neutralization epitope on the gp120 glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 70, 1100–1108 (1996).
Gauduin, M.-C. et al. Passive immunization with a human monoclonal antibody protects hu-PBL-SCID mice against challenge by primary isolates of HIV-1. Nature Med 3, 1389–1393 (1997).
Weber, J. MRC V-001 study: a comparative trial of RGP120 with novel adjuvants. In Onzieme Colloque Des Cent Gardes: Retroviruses of Human AIDS and Related Animal Diseases, 27–29 October 1997, Marnes-la-Coquette, Paris, France (eds. Girard, M. & Dodet, B.).
VanCott, T.C. et al. Immunogenicity and efficacy of HIV-1 envelope subunit vaccines in Rhesus macaques. In Onzieme Colloque Des Cent Gardes: Retroviruses of Human AIDS and Related Animal Diseases, 27–29 October 1997, Marnes-la-Coquette, Paris, France (eds. Girard, M. & Dodet, B.).
Altman, J.D. et al. Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Science 274, 94–96 (1996).
Ferrari, G. et al. Clade B-based HIV-1 vaccines elicit cross-clade cytotoxic T lymphocyte reactivities in uninfected volunteers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 1396–1401 (1997).
Cao, H. et al. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cross-reactivity among different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades: implications for vaccine development. J. Virol. 71, 8615–8623 (1997).
Betts, M.R. et al. Cross-clade human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in HIV-infected Zambians. J. Virol. 71, 8908–8911 (1997).
Carmichael, A., Jin, X., Sissons, P. Analysis of human env-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in natural human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: low prevalence of broadly cross-reactive env-specific CTL. J. Virol. 70, 8468–8476 (1996).
Letvin, N.L. et al. Potent protective anti-HIV immune response generated by bimodal HIV envelope DNA plus protein vaccination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 9378–9383 (1997).
Lu, S., Santoro, J.C., Fuller, D.H., Haynes, J.R. & Robinson, H.L. Use of DNAs expressing HIV-1 ENV and noninfectious HIV-1 particles to raise antibody responses in mice. Virology 209, 147–154 (1995).
D'Souza, M.P. & Mathieson, B.J. Early phases of HIV-1 infection. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 12, 1–9 (1996).
AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 12, 1129–1140 (1996).
Rosenberg, E.S. et al. Vigorous HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses associated with control of viremia. Science 278, 1447–1450 (1997).
Kalams, S.A. et al. Science (submitted - 1998 checking for update)
Wyand, M.S., Manson, K.H., Garcia-Moll, M., Montefiori, D. & Desrosiers, R.C. Vaccine protection by a triple deletion mutant of simian immunodeficiency virus. J. Virol. 70, 3724 (1996).
Deacon N.J. et al. Genomic structure of an attenuated quasi species of HIV-1 from a blood transfusion donor and recipients. Science 270, 988–991 (1995).
Wyand, M.S., Manson, K.D., Lackner, A.A., Desrosiers, R.C. Resistance of neonatal monkeys to live attenuated vaccine strains of simian immunodeficiency virus. Nature Med. 3, 32–36 (1997).
Baba, T.W. et al. Pathogenicity of live, attenuated SIV after mucosal infection of neonatal macaques. Science 267, 1820 (1995).
Shibata, R., Siemon, C., Czajak, S.C., Desrosiers, R.C. & Martin, M.A. J. Virol. 71, 8141–8148 (1997).
Gordon, M.R. et al. Evidence for HIV-1 infection in rabbits. Ann NY Acad of Sci 616, 270–280 (1990).
Spertzel, R.O. et al. Animal models of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Antiviral Res. 12, 223–230 (1989).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Heilman, C., Baltimore, D. HIV Vaccines—where are we going?. Nat Med 4 (Suppl 5), 532–534 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0598supp-532
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0598supp-532
This article is cited by
-
Requirement for multiple lymphocyte subsets in protection by a live attenuated vaccine against retroviral infection
Nature Medicine (1999)
-
Laboratory firepower for infectious disease research
Nature Biotechnology (1998)
