Supplementary Figure 2: Technical drawing of the scanning unit of the Roadrunner goniometer.

As illustrated in Supplementary Figure 1, the scanning unit is mounted vertically and hanging from the outer support frame. Upper element of the scanning unit is a Kohzu RA10A-W rotation stage. The rotation axis allows a +/- 60° rotation of the whole scanning unit along the vertical axis. The stage is used for rotational alignment of the chip along the vertical axis and can be further used for rotation of the chip to avoid obtaining incomplete diffraction datasets due to preferred orientation of the crystals on the chip. A stepper motor driven Kohzu XA07-RA translation stage is mounted below the rotation axis, which allows adjustment of the chip along a horizontal axis. This axis is used to position the chip surface in the center of rotation of the vertical rotation axis. The main high-precision scanning unit is mounted below the horizontal translation stage. It consists of two piezo-motor driven translation stages, which are equipped with incremental encoders and allow a fast translation of the chip with a speed of up to 2.5 mm/s. The achievable resolution of the setup is 100 nm. In case even higher resolution is required the scanning stages can be additionally equipped with interferometric sensors. For fast chip scanning synchronized to the arrival of the LCLS pulses only the horizontal axis is used, as this movement is not affected by gravity. The vertical axis is only used for small corrections e.g. arising from a not exact horizontal orientation of the hole pattern. The chip is mounted onto the scanning unit using a magnetic mount. A clamp attached to the magnetic mount is used to ensure the pre-orientation of the chips by allowing mounting of the chip in one angular position only.