Supplementary Figure 4: SPM displaying left amygdala activation identified by the interaction contrast of blameworthiness and harm.

To test whether the findings of our blameworthiness-by-language interaction generalized to other sources of affect, a whole-brain blameworthiness-by-harm interaction contrast was examined. The four levels of harm (Murder, Maim, Assault, and Property Damage) were dummy-coded from 4 to 1, with 4 representing Murder. The interaction contrast specified was as: (Intentional [+2, +1, -1, -2])> (Unintentional [+2, +1, - 1, -2]), with the numbers in brackets referring to the weights applied to each harm-level within each blameworthiness condition. This analysis identified a significant cluster in the left amygdala, that showed overlap with the peak of the left amygdala cluster identified by our blameworthiness X language interaction (Left Amygdala peak x = -28, y = -8, z = -22, Z = 4.01, p < 0.05 (cluster-corrected). Importantly, this effect was present equally for the both the GL and PL groups, suggesting that the amygdala is generally involved in the integration of harm information in a blameworthiness-dependent manner. Map is displayed at a whole-brain corrected threshold of p < 0.05 (cluster-corrected), rendered on a single-subject T1-weighted image. In addition to the amygdala, there are bilateral activation foci in lateral temporal cortex.