Supplementary Figure 7: Electrical stimulation of the PPN produces short-latency responses in DA neurons. | Nature Neuroscience

Supplementary Figure 7: Electrical stimulation of the PPN produces short-latency responses in DA neurons.

From: Segregated cholinergic transmission modulates dopamine neurons integrated in distinct functional circuits

Supplementary Figure 7

(a) A neuron that was recorded and labeled by the juxtacellular method and identified as dopaminergic by the expression of immunoreactivity for TH. (b) Raster plot and peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of the neuron shown in a, following electrical stimulation of the PPN (bin size 1 ms). (b’) A representative spike following the stimulus (s; 0.5 ms duration, 0.5-0.8 mA, 0.5 Hz). Consistent with previous reports, short-latency action potentials were elicited in the DA neurons within a few milliseconds of the stimulus being delivered in the PPN; this contrasts with the slow modulatory effect of the optogenetic activation of PPN cholinergic afferents. (c) Short-latency responses were consistent across the DA neuronal population (n = 12 neurons in 5 rats). (d, e, e’) Non-DA neurons (i.e. TH-immunonegative, d) were also sampled (n = 4 neurons in 5 rats). PSTH (bin size 2 ms) showing a long-lasting inhibition (average time of inhibition: 30 ms +/- 8.6 ms, e). Responses in non-DA neurons were more heterogeneous.

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