Supplementary Figure 13: Additional model results and tests for robustness

a, Changes in firing rates in the 4-unit model (active context minus passive context), when ACh is modeled as input to PV and SOM cells alone (left) or all three inhibitory subtypes (right). PV & SOM alone can recapitulate the changes in evoked rates but causes VIP to decrease during baseline, pre-tone firing. Activating all three subtypes causes correct changes in evoked rates and correctly increases VIP in baseline rates. Excitatory baseline firing is slightly reduced. b, Robustness of firing rate changes to uneven strengths of ACh across inhibitory cell types. Each panel shows the effects of changing I^A to the given subtype while holding it constant at 5 for the other 2 subtypes. The directional changes in firing rates remain correct for all 4 cell types over wide ranges. c, Multi-unit model results are similar to 4-unit model. Upper-left shows average baseline (black) and evoked (white) firing rates in the passive context. Upper-right: average changes in firing rates (active-passive). Lower-left: Diversity of firing rate changes in each cell type population represented as the percentage of active-preferring cells (data versus model). Color scheme as in b. Errorbars represent +/- 1 std from 20 network realizations. Lower-left: Tests of optical suppression experiments. Inactivation of PV cells in the model (cells shown here from a single example network) shifts total inhibition (sum of inhibitory inputs in Passive and Active conditions) downward on average but some cells have increased inhibition similar to observed results (Supplementary Fig. 8b). The direction of inhibition changes does not depend on whether the cell was active (magenta) or passive (blue) -preferring before inactivation.