Table 1 Characteristics of included instruments
From: Patient-reported outcome measures for asthma: a systematic review
Instrument | Aim of the instrument and target population | No. of validation papers assessed | No. of items/domains | Mode of administration | Time to complete | Original language |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asthma PROMs for adults | ||||||
Asthma Control Test (ACT)28 | Aim: to identify patients with poorly controlled asthma Intended population: 12+ years | 9 | 5 questions | Self-complete, paper or web-based | 2 min | English |
Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)29 | Aim: to measure the adequacy of clinical asthma control Intended population: adults with asthma | 11 | 7 items Symptoms (5 items)–ß2-agonist use (1 item)–FEV1 (completed by clinic staff, 1 item) Omitting the last item leaves a 6-question version (ACQ6) | Self-complete, interactive web, electronic | 3 min | English |
Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ)18 | Aim: to measure the functional problems (physical, emotional, social and occupational) that are most troublesome to adults (17–70 years) with asthma. Intended population: adults with asthma | 17 | 32 questions in 4 domains: Symptoms (12 items) Activity limitation (11 items) Emotional function (5 items) Environmental stimuli (4 items) | Self-complete Electronic version Interactive voice response version Interviewer-administered | 5–10 min | English |
Living With Asthma Questionnaire (LWAQ)22 | Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment; to be sensitive to quality of life changes in clinical trials; to assess patients’ subjective experiences of asthma Intended population: adults with asthma | 8 | 68 items in 11 domains: Social/leisure (6 items) Sport (3 items) Holidays (3 items) Sleep (4 items) Work and other activities (6 items) Colds (5 items) Mobility (6 items) Effects on others (5 items) Medication usage (6 items) Sex (1 item) Dysphoric states and attitudes (23 items) | Self-complete or interviewer | 15–20 min (interviewer format) | English |
Marks Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (M-AQLQ)23 | Aim: to assess quality of life in adults with asthma Intended population: adults with asthma | 9 | 20 items in 4 domains: Breathlessness (5 items) Mood (5 items) Social (7 items) Concerns (7 items) | Self-complete (but also used by phone) | Not reported | English |
Mini-Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (mini-AQLQ)21 | Aim: to measure the functional impairments that are most troublesome to adult patients as a result of their asthma Intended population: adults | 4 | 15 items in 4 domains: Symptoms (5 items) Activity limitations (4 items) Emotional function (3 items) Environmental stimuli (3 items) | Self-complete | 4–5 min | English |
Rhinasthma20 | Aim: to evaluate health-related quality of life impairment in patients with rhinitis and/or asthma Intended population: adults with rhinitis and/or asthma | 2 | 30 items in 3 domains: Upper airways Lower airways and respiratory allergy impact A global summary score | Self-complete | 5 min | Italian |
St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)24 | Aim: to assess health in chronic airflow limitation Intended population: adults with chronic airflow limitation | 5 | 76 in 3 domains: Symptoms Activity Impact on daily life | Self-complete Telephone and electronic versions | 10 min | English |
Asthma PROMS for children | ||||||
Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT)32 | Aim: to assess asthma control in children Intended population: children with asthma aged 4–11 years | 7 | 7 items in 2 domains: Child (4 items) Caregiver (3 items) | Self-complete (child), and caregiver | Not reported | English |
Childhood Asthma Questionnaire (CAQ)34 | Aim: to assess quality of life in children with asthma Intended population: CAQ-A, children 4–7 years; CAQ-B, children 8–11 years; CAQ-C, adolescents aged 12–16 years | 5 | CAQ-A: 14 items CAQ-B: 23 items CAQ-C: 46 items | Self-complete, with help of parents if needed | 10–20 min | English |
Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ)35 | Aim: to measure the functional impairments that are most troublesome to children (7–17 years) as a result of their asthma Intended population: children with asthma aged 7–17 years | 2 | 23 items in 3 domains: Symptoms (10 items) Activity (5 items) Emotional function (8 items) | Self-complete or interviewer | 10–15 min | English |
PedsQL (Asthma Module)36 | Aim: to assess quality of life in children with asthma Intended population: children and adolescents aged 2–18 years | 4 | Generic core: 23 items in 4 domains: Physical functioning (8 items) Social functioning (5 items) Emotional functioning (5 items) School functioning (5 items) Short-form:15 Asthma module: 28 in 4 domains (Short-form: 22) Symptoms (11 items) Treatment problems (11 items) Worry (3 items) Communication (3 items) | Self-complete: parallel child and parent forms; parent–proxy only for 2–4 years | 5 min (generic) Not reported for asthma module | English |
Asthma PROMs for child’s caregiver | ||||||
Paediatric Asthma Caregiver’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ)37 | Aim: to measure the problems that parents of children with asthma experience as a result of their child’s asthma Intended population: primary caregivers of children aged 7–17 years with asthma | 3 | 13 items in 2 domains: Activity limitation (4 items) Emotional function (9 items) | Self-complete | 3–5 min | English |
