Table 2 Selected child health outcomes associated with postnatal tobacco smoke exposure

From: Smoke-free legislation and child health

Outcome

Effect size (95% CI)

Sudden infant death syndrome

1.97 (1.77–2.19); ref. 14

Early wheezing (age ⩽2 years)

1.29 (1.19–1.40); ref. 30

Wheezing/asthma in ⩾6-year-olds

1.30 (1.13–1.51); ref. 29

Hospitalisation for asthma exacerbation

1.85 (1.20–2.86); ref. 47

Lower respiratory infections

1.54 (1.40–1.69); ref. 32

Middle ear infection (including otitis media with effusion)

1.32 (1.20–1.45); ref. 48

Meningococcal disease

2.02 (1.52–2.69); ref. 13

  1. Outcomes with positive associations demonstrated in meta-analyses are shown.
  2. Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
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