Table 2 Generalized estimating equations statistics for negative and positive symptoms

From: Age-related cortical thickness trajectories in first episode psychosis patients presenting with early persistent negative symptoms

 

ePNS

sPNS

Non-PNS

Omnibus a

Post hocb

 

N

Mean (s.d.)

N

Mean (s.d.)

N

Mean (s.d.)

χ2(2)

P

 

2

 SANS

20

24.85 (10.58)

30

21.67 (10.62)

44

15.52 (9.59)

14.29

<0.0001

ePNS, sPNS>non-PNS

 SAPS

 

9.05 (11.69)

 

10.23 (10.63)

 

4.64 (6.72)

8.16

0.017

sPNS>non-PNS

3

 SANS

21

26.76 (9.34)

30

19.7 (9.40)

43

14.5 (10.96)

22.36

<0.0001

ePNS>sPNS>non-PNS

 SAPS

 

7.14 (8.34)

 

9.7 (9.97)

 

3.44 (4.92)

12.59

0.002

sPNS>non-PNS

6

 SANS

18

26.39 (11.52)

30

22.23 (11.14)

41

11.41 (9.34)

34.57

<0.0001

ePNS, sPNS>non-PNS

 SAPS

 

5.33 (5.70)

 

16.7 (11.52)

 

2.59 (3.64)

44.98

<0.0001

sPNS>ePNS, non-PNS

9

 SANS

18

22.28 (10.62)

28

20.18 (9.84)

45

11.13 (9.87)

23.1

<0.0001

ePNS, sPNS>non-PNS

 SAPS

 

5.89 (6.33)

 

13.75 (14.18)

 

3.53 (6.68)

13.64

0.001

sPNS>ePNS, non-PNS

12

 SANS

20

23.65 (13.24)

27

24.82 (14.46)

46

8.17 (8.68)

46.85

<0.0001

ePNS, sPNS>non-PNS

 SAPS

 

5.35 (5.26)

 

20.07 (15.39)

 

3.61 (7.16)

28.42

<0.0001

sPNS>ePNS, non-PNS

18

 SANS

20

18.95 (11.28)

29

22.48 (11.61)

43

6.84 (7.43)

53.41

<0.0001

ePNS, sPNS>non-PNS

 SAPS

 

5.20 (5.34)

 

13.48 (13.31)

 

3.56 (9.01)

12.92

0.002

sPNS>ePNS, non-PNS

24

 SANS

20

17.15 (12.22)

23

16.74 (12.04)

38

8.40 (8.66)

14.07

0.001

ePNS, sPNS>non-PNS

 SAPS

 

6.1 (9.20)

 

6.44 (5.97)

37

5.95 (12.37)

0.052

0.98

—

  1. Abbreviations: ePNS, early persistent negative symptoms; GEE, generalized estimating equation; PEPP, prevention and early-intervention program for psychoses; SANS, scale for the assessment of negative symptoms; SAPS, scale for the assessment of positive symptoms; sPNS, persistent negative symptoms due to secondary factors.
  2. a For global omnibus tests, there was a significant main effect of group (χ2(2)=65.31, P<0.001), time (χ2(6)=24.02, P<0.001), and group×time interaction (χ2(12)=32.20, P=0.001) on SANS scores. GEE analyses of SAPS scores also revealed a significant main effect of group (χ2(2)=40.03, P<0.0001), and group×time interaction (χ2(12)=34.69, P=0.001). No significant effect of time was found for SAPS scores. Omnibus results presented are ‘cross-sectional’ per time point, for ease of understanding.
  3. b Bonferroni corrected, P<0.025.
  4. Negative and positive symptoms represent sum of item-level scores as assessed by the SANS and SAPS, respectively. Note: SANS total excludes the ‘attention’ subscale. Left-hand column organizes statistics by clinical visit, relative to entry to PEPP-Montreal clinic (i.e., 2/3/6/9/12/18/24-month visits).
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