Figure 2

Parkinsonism predicts core personality traits in schizophrenia and the relationship of self-directedness to course of illness and outcomes. (a–c) Linear regression between UPDRS3 scores and reward dependence (a, R²=0.265, P<0.001), cooperativeness (b, R2=0.108, P=0.001), and self-directedness (c, R²=0.183, P<0.001). 95% Intervals of confidence are also shown. R²-values and significance are reported after correcting for age, sex, and multiple comparisons. In all three cases, severity of motor impairment predicts lower expression of the trait. Unaffected relatives (green dots) consistently appear between patients (red dots) and healthy controls (blue dots). Panels (d,e). display regression lines using self-directedness as predictors of duration of untreated psychosis (e, R²=−0.075, P=0.046) and average neuroleptic dose in chlorpromazine equivalents (d, R²=−0.251, P=0.013). (f) The predicted relationship between duration of untreated psychosis and cumulative neuroleptic dose (f, R²=0.193, P=0.032).