Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic efficacy is considered a fundamental mechanism of learning and memory. At the cellular level a large body of evidence demonstrated that the major neuromodulatory neurotransmitters dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and acetylcholine (ACh) influence LTP magnitude. Noninvasive brain stimulation protocols provide the opportunity to study LTP-like plasticity at the systems level of human cortex. Here we applied paired associative stimulation (PAS) to induce LTP-like plasticity in the primary motor cortex of eight healthy subjects. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, the acute effects of a single oral dose of the neuromodulatory drugs cabergoline (DA agonist), haloperidol (DA antagonist), methylphenidate (indirect NE agonist), prazosine (NE antagonist), tacrine (ACh agonist), and biperiden (ACh antagonist) on PAS-induced LTP-like plasticity were examined. The antagonists haloperidol, prazosine, and biperiden depressed significantly the PAS-induced LTP-like plasticity observed under placebo, whereas the agonists cabergoline, methylphenidate, and tacrine had no effect. Findings demonstrate that antagonists in major neuromodulatory neurotransmitter systems suppress LTP-like plasticity at the systems level of human cortex, in accord with evidence of their modulating action of LTP at the cellular level. This provides further supportive evidence for the known detrimental effects of these drugs on LTP-dependent mechanisms such as learning and memory.
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We thank Dr Tihomir Ilic for help with some of the experiments.
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The authors declare that this study was supported by grant DFG ZI 542/4-1 (to UZ) from the German Research Foundation. UZ has received a grant from the Federal State of Hesse, and honoraria for editorial work from Brain Stimulation (Elsevier), and for scientific presentations from GlaxoSmithKline and Biogen Idec.
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Korchounov, A., Ziemann, U. Neuromodulatory Neurotransmitters Influence LTP-Like Plasticity in Human Cortex: A Pharmaco-TMS Study. Neuropsychopharmacol 36, 1894–1902 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.75
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.75
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