DNA Genealogy, Mutation Rates, and Some Historical Evidences Written in Y-Chromosome

Abstract

Origin of peoples in a context of DNA genealogy is an assignment of them to a particular tribe (all members of which belong to a certain haplogroup) or its branch (a lineage), initiated in a genealogical sense by a common ancestor and an estimation of a time span between the common ancestor and its current descendants. We have developed an approach to kinetics of haplotype mutations in non-recombinant segments of the Y-chromosome and illustrated it with a number of haplotype series related to various populations (timespans to common ancestors shown as years before the present): Basques R1b1b2 (4,050), near thirty of European countries R1a1 (between 4,100 and 4,825), India R1a1 (3,675), the Arabian Peninsula R1a1 (3,750), South India Chenchu R1a1 (3,200 and 350, two lineages), bearers of so-called Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH) J1 (4,000 and 1,050, two lineages), and CMH J2 (1,400), Arabian CMH J1 (9,000), Bulgarian and Croatian Gypsies H1 (575 and 1,125, respectively), Polynesians C2 (800), South African Lemba (625), the oldest Balkan R1a1 population (11,600), and Native Americans Q (16,000). Some of these findings are supported by independent estimates.