Components that underlie the heritability of osteoarthritis (OA) are yet to be defined. Contrary to previous results, an analysis of two large genome-wide association study cohorts across a total of 7,393 patients with OA and 5,122 controls has found no association between OA and 48 maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants; accordingly, OA phenotypic subgroups were not associated with mtDNA haplogroups.