Supplementary Figure 2: Flowchart for the cryo-EM analysis of the 26S human proteasome.

(a) 443,359 particles were subjected to 2D classification and subsequent 3D refinement. After 3D classification, 165,669 particles were picked for the following 3D refinement and particle polishing. With C1 and C2 symmetry, reconstructions at an average resolution of 3.8 Å and 3.5 Å were produced respectively. Please refer to Materials and Methods for details. (b) Particle segmentation and re-extraction were performed to improve the quality of the local density maps for the RP. Cryo-EM maps of RP in two conformations were produced, both at 4.6 Å. Please refer to Materials and Methods for details. Structural images in this figure, along with all images involving cryo-EM density maps, were prepared using CHIMERA.