Table 3 Associations of family exposures with problematic eating attitudes at age 11.5 years (ChEAT scores ⩾85th percentile) in PROBIT, Belarus

From: Prospective associations of parental smoking, alcohol use, marital status, maternal satisfaction, and parental and childhood body mass index at 6.5 years with later problematic eating attitudes

Exposures

% of ChEAT scores ⩾85th percentilea

Fully adjusted OR b

95% CI

Maternal smoking from pregnancy to PROBIT II

 None (n=10 517)

17.3

1.00 (Ref)

 

 Prenatal only (n=81)

12.4

0.76

0.35, 1.69

 Postnatal only (n=1537)

20.8

1.12

0.96, 1.31

 Both pre- and postnatal (n=204)

21.6

0.97

0.63, 1.48

 P-value for heterogeneity

 

0.51

 

Maternal alcohol intake from pregnancy to PROBIT II

 <1 Unit per week throughout (n=5412)

17.5

1.00 (Ref)

 

 ⩾1 Unit per week prenatal only (n=88)

18.2

1.13

0.61, 2.11

 ⩾1 Unit per week postnatal only (n=6721)

18.2

1.11

0.99, 1.24

 ⩾1 Unit per week pre- and postnatal (n=310)

10.0

1.00

0.62, 1.62

 P-value for heterogeneity

 

0.91

 

Paternal smoking at PROBIT II (cigarettes per day)

 None (n=3791)

17.6

1.00 (Ref)

 

 1–9 (n=3084)

18.1

1.00

0.88, 1.15

 10–19 (n=2635)

18.2

1.05

0.91, 1.20

 ⩾ 20 (n=756)

19.6

1.05

0.84, 1.30

 OR per smoking category

 

1.02

0.96, 1.08

 P-value for trend

 

0.50

 

Paternal alcohol intake at PROBIT II

 <2 Units per week (n=4656)

18.3

1.00 (Ref)

 

 2–4 Units per week (n=2815)

16.9

0.98

0.85, 1.12

 >4 Units per week (n=2772)

18.8

1.08

0.94, 1.24

 OR per alcohol intake category

 

1.03

0.97, 1.11

 P-value for trend

 

0.33

 

Marital status at birth and after 6.5 years

 Married, same husband (n=10 329)

18.0

1.00 (ref)

 

 Married, different husband (n=617)

20.1

1.04

0.82, 1.33

 Separated/divorced/widowed (n=1373)

17.1

0.97

0.82, 1.15

 Stayed unmarried (n=213)

13.2

0.88

0.35, 2.18

 P-value for heterogeneity

 

0.88

 

Marital satisfaction

 Dissatisfied (n=953)

17.5

1.00 (ref)

 

 Satisfied (n=5908)

18.0

1.05

0.87, 1.28

 Perfectly satisfied (n=3315)

18.2

1.00

0.81, 1.23

 OR per satisfaction category

 

0.98

0.90, 1.08

 P-value for trend

 

0.70

 

Child satisfaction

 Dissatisfied (n=213)

16.9

1.00 (ref)

 

 Satisfied (n=4377)

17.3

0.81

0.54, .122

 Perfectly satisfied (n=7985)

18.3

0.73

0.49, 1.10

 OR per satisfaction category

 

0.89

0.81, 0.99

 P-value for trend

 

0.03

 

Motherhood satisfaction

 Dissatisfied (n=85)

18.8

1.00 (ref)

 

 Satisfied (n=2675)

18.0

1.12

0.60, 2.11

 Perfectly satisfied (n=9779)

17.9

1.02

0.55, 1.92

 OR per satisfaction category

 

0.93

0.82, 1.05

 P-value for trend

 

0.22

 
  1. Abbreviations: ChEAT, Children’s Eating Attitudes Test;34 CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PROBIT, Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial; Ref, reference group.
  2. aORs (and P-value) for trend represent the change in odds (95% CI) of having ChEAT scores ⩾22.5 (85th percentile) per-unit increase in each ordered categorical variable.
  3. bAdjusted for age, sex, location of polyclinic, treatment group, maternal/paternal occupation/education and polyclinic site.
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