Table 4 Linear regression models analyzing associations between patterns of sleep characteristics at T0 and T1 and weight change between T1 and T2 (regression coefficients β with 95% CIs): the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study

From: Associations between sleep characteristics and weight gain in an older population: results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study

 

N

Mean weight change (kg)

Model 1 β (95% CI) (kg)

Model 2 β (95% CI) (kg)

Regular difficulties falling asleep

 At T0 and at T1

96

0.13

0.1 (−0.9, 1.1)

0.1 (−0.9, 1.1)

 Only at T1

141

−0.22

−0.5 (−1.4, 0.3)

−0.5 (−1.4, 0.3)

 Only at T0

134

−0.05

−0.3 (−1.1, 0.6)

−0.3 (−1.1, 0.6)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

2463

0.27

0

0

Regular difficulties maintaining sleep

 At T0 and at T1

621

0.10

0.1 (−0.3, 0.6)

0.1 (−0.4, 0.6)

 Only at T1

483

0.13

0.0 (−0.5, 0.5)

0.0 (−0.5, 0.5)

 Only at T0

345

0.28

0.3 (−0.2, 0.9)

0.3 (−0.3, 0.9)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

1387

0.32

0

0

Regular early morning arousal

 At T0 and at T1

72

0.47

0.2 (−1.0, 1.3)

0.2 (−1.0, 1.3)

 Only at T1

222

0.84

0.7 (0.0, 1.3)

0.7 (0.0, 1.3)

 Only at T0

186

−0.34

−0.5 (−1.2, 0.3)

−0.5 (−1.2, 0.3)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

2334

0.23

0

0

Any regular sleep disturbance a

 At T0 and at T1

725

0.15

0.1 (−0.4, 0.5)

0.1 (−0.4, 0.5)

 Only at T1

484

0.10

−0.1 (−0.7, 0.4)

−0.2 (−0.7, 0.4)

 Only at T0

361

−0.01

−0.1 (−0.7, 0.5)

−0.1 (−0.7, 0.5)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

1267

0.40

0

0

Regular napping

 At T0 and at T1

237

−0.13

0.1 (−0.5, 0.8)

0.1 (−0.6, 0.8)

 Only at T1

182

−0.50

−0.3 (−1.1, 0.4)

−0.3 (−1.1, 0.4)

 Only at T0

149

−0.09

−0.2 (−1.0, 0.6)

−0.2 (−1.0, 0.6)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

2268

0.35

0

0

Sleep duration <6 h

 At T0 and at T1

178

0.72

0.4 (−0.3, 1.2)

0.4 (−0.3, 1.2)

 Only at T1

181

0.02

−0.4 (−1.1, 0.4)

−0.4 (−1.1, 0.4)

 Only at T0

150

−0.28

−0.4 (−1.2, 0.4)

−0.4 (−1.3, 0.4)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

2053

0.32

0

0

Sleep duration > 8 h

 At T0 and at T1

67

−1.08

−0.8 (−2.0, 0.4)

−0.8 (−2.0. 0.4)

 Only at T1

105

−0.12

−0.1 (−1.1. 0.9)

−0.1 (−1.1, 0.8)

 Only at T0

87

0.2

0.1 (−1.0, −1.1)

0.1 (−1.0. 1.1)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

2053

0.32

0

0

  1. Abbreviations: T0, time of baseline study; T1, time of second visit; T2, time of third visit.
  2. Regular difficulties falling asleep or regular difficulties maintaining sleep or regular early morning arousal.
  3. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex and weight change between T0 and T1.
  4. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, weight change between T0 and T1, alcohol intake, smoking, accordance with dietary guidelines, physical activity, education, marital stage, subjective health, stress.
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