Table 5 Linear regression models analyzing associations between patterns of sleep characteristics at T0 and T1 and change of waist circumference between T1 and T2 (regression coefficients β with 95% Cls): the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study

From: Associations between sleep characteristics and weight gain in an older population: results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study

 

N

Mean change of waist circ. (cm)

Model 1 β (95% CI) (cm)

Model 2 β (95% CI) (cm)

Regular difficulties falling asleep

 At T0 and at T1

96

1.31

0.2 (−1.1, 1.6)

0.1 (−1.3, 1.5)

 Only at T1

141

1.06

−0.2 (−1.4, 0.9)

−0.3 (−1.4, 0.9)

 Only at T0

134

0.77

−0.5 (−1.6, 0.7)

−0.6 (−1.8, 0.6)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

2461

1.34

0

0

Regular difficulties maintaining sleep

 At T0 and at T1

620

1.31

0.2 (−0.5, 0.8)

0.1 (−0.5, 0.8)

 Only at T1

483

0.86

−0.4 (−1.1, 0.3)

−0.4 (−1.1, 0.3)

 Only at T0

345

1.51

0.4 (−0.4, 1.2)

0.3 (−0.5, 1.1)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

1386

1.40

0

0

Regular early morning arousal

 At T0 and at T1

72

1.29

0.0 (−1.6, 1.6)

0.0 (−1.6, 1.6)

 Only at T1

222

1.59

0.4 (−0.6, 1.3)

0.3 (−0.6, 1.3)

 Only at T0

186

1.12

−0.1 (−1.1, 0.9)

−0.1 (−1.1, 0.9)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

2332

1.29

0

0

Any regular sleep disturbance a

 At T0 and at T1

724

1.36

0.1 (−0.5, 0.7)

0.0 (−0.6, 0.7)

 Only at T1

484

0.78

−0.6 (−1.3, 0.1)

−0.6 (−1.3, 0.1)

 Only at T0

361

1.15

−0.2 (−0.9, 0.6)

−0.2 (−1.0, 0.6)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

1266

1.51

0

0

Regular napping

 At T0 and at T1

237

0.80

−0.2 (−1.1, 0.7)

−0.2 (−1.2, 0.7)

 Only at T1

182

1.18

0.1 (−0.9, 1.2)

0.1 (−0.9, 1.1)

 Only at T0

149

1.01

−0.2 (−1.3, 0.9)

−0.3 (−1.4, 0.8)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

2266

1.38

0

0

Sleep duration <6 h

 At T0 and at T1

178

1.58

0.4 (−0.7, 1.4)

0.3 (−0.7, 1.3)

 Only at T1

181

1.70

0.3 (−0.7; 1.4)

0.4 (−0.7; 1.4)

 Only at T0

150

0.89

−0.2 (−1.3, 0.9)

−0.3 (−1.4, 0.9)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

2052

1.34

0

0

Sleep duration >8 h

 At T0 and at T1

67

1.44

0.6 (−1.1, 2.2)

0.6 (−1.1, 2.2)

 Only at T1

105

0.43

−0.7 (−2.0, 0.7)

−0.7 (−2.0, 0.7)

 Only at T0

86

0.92

−0.3 (−1.7, 1.2)

−0.3 (−1.8, 1.1)

 Neither at T0 nor at T1 (ref)

2052

1.34

0

0

  1. Abbreviations: T0, time of baseline study; T1, time of second visit; T2, time of third visit.
  2. Regular difficulties falling asleep, regular difficulties maintaining sleep or regular early morning arousal.
  3. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex and weight change between T0 and T1.
  4. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, weight change between T0 and T1, alcohol intake, smoking, accordance with dietary guidelines, physical activity, education, marital stage, subjective health, stress.
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