Figure 2

Autophagy promotes tumor cell motility. Autophagy promotes tumor cell motility through various mechanisms including: (a) promoting a stem cell phenotype that may be linked to as association of increased autophagy in response to stresses such as hypoxia and TGF-β, with EMT; (b) promoting survival in response to matrix detachment; (c) modulating levels of RhoA and Rho signaling while conversely being induced by Rho signaling; (d) through coordinated control of autophagy and FAK via FIP200; (e) a role in promoting focal adhesion turnover both directly and via regulation of SRC activity; (f) autophagy-dependent production of secreted factors that promote invasion, such as IL-6 and MMP2.