Figure 2
From: Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling and chemotherapy resistance in solid cancers
General mechanisms involved in chemotherapy resistance. Tumor cells limit chemotherapy drugs accumulation by modifying their membrane composition, reducing drug transporters and increasing efflux pumps. Mechanisms of detoxification lead to drug inactivation. Drug target modification or loss also contributes to chemotherapy resistance. Finally, DNA damage and apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs are prevented by sophisticated DNA repair system and upregulation of prosurvival genes.
