Table 3 Standard chemotherapy treatments and their targets in solid tumors
From: Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling and chemotherapy resistance in solid cancers
Drugs | Cancers | Targets |
|---|---|---|
Alkylating agents | ||
Carboplatin | Ovary | DNA alkylation |
Cisplatin | Biliary, gastric, lung, urogenital | DNA alkylation |
Cyclophosphamide | Urinary | DNA alkylation |
Dacarbazine | Skin | DNA alkylation |
Ifosfamide | Soft tissues | Guanine alkylation |
Oxaliplatin | Biliary, colorectal, pancreas | DNA crosslinking |
Temozolomide | Brain | Guanine alkylation |
Antimetabolites | ||
5-Fluorouracil | Colorectal, gastric, pancreas | Pyrimidine analog, TS |
Capecitabine | Breast, colorectal | Pyrimidine analog, TS |
Gemcitabine | Biliary, lung, pancreas, urinary | Deoxycytidine analog |
Methotrexate | Urinary | DHFR |
Pemetrexed | Lung | TS, DHFR, GARFT |
Antibiotics/intercalants | ||
Doxorubicin | Endometrial, soft tissues, urinary | DNA intercalant |
Camptothecin | Colorectal, pancreas | Topoisomerases I |
Etoposide | Lung, urogenital | Topoisomerases II |
Bleomycin | Genitourinary | DNA strand break inducer |
Antimitotics/spindle poisons | ||
Docetaxel | Breast, gastric, urinary | β-Tubulin |
Paclitaxel | Breast, ovary | β-Tubulin |
Vinblastin | Breast, kidney, urinary | Microtubules |
Hormone therapy | ||
Bicalutamide | Prostate | Androgen receptors |
Goserelin | Prostate | GnRH agonist |
Tamoxifen | Breast | Estrogen receptors |
Targeted therapy | ||
Erlotinib | Pancreas | EGFR |
Bortezomib | Lymphoma, myeloma | Proteasome |
Sorafenib | Kidney, liver | FLT3, c-KIT, PDFGRβ, c-RAF, b-RAF, VEGFRII and III |
Sunitinib | Kidney | FLT3, c-KIT, PDGFRβ, RET, VEGFRI and II |
Immunotherapy | ||
Bevacizumab | Kidney, lung | VEGF |
Trastuzumab | Breast | HER2/neu |
