Figure 2 | Oncogenesis

Figure 2

From: Xanthine dehydrogenase downregulation promotes TGFβ signaling and cancer stem cell-related gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 2

XDH knockdown increases cell migration and invasion in HepG2 cells. (a) Western blot analysis of XDH expression in HCC cell lines. The band intensities were quantified by ImageJ software. (b) Western blot analysis of XDH knockdown efficiency and quantification of XDH activity in HepG2 cells after shRNA transfection. (c, d) Scratch assay (c) and transwell assay (d) of the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells transfected with control shRNA (shCtrl) or shRNA against XDH (shXDH). Coverage percentages were determined, and quantitative analyses of the numbers of invading cells in each group were performed. Scale bar, 100 μm. (e, f) mRNA profiling (e) and western blot analysis (f) of EMT marker gene expression levels in HepG2 cells transfected with shRNA. XDH, xanthine dehydrogenase; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; mRNA, messenger RNA; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; shRNA, small-hairpin RNA; rel., relative. All data are expressed as the mean±s.e.m. of three experiments. Unpaired t-tests were performed to assess statistical significance. ns, not significant, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001.

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