Table 4 Cox proportional hazards analysis of the ESCGP signature and various clinical parameters (univariate and multivariate analyses)

Feature	n (%)	N^a	Overall survival				PCa-specific survival
			Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
			Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P-value
The ESCGP signature ^b
Group 3	26 (30%)	87	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Group 2	32 (37%)	87	3.45 (1.79–6.66)	<0.0001	2.51 (1.21–5.21)	0.013	3.99 (1.65–9.64)	0.002	2.96 (1.11–7.87)	0.030
Group 1	29 (33%)	87	5.86 (2.91–11.78)	<0.0001	4.77 (2.27–10.01)	<0.0001	7.67 (3.04–19.36)	<0.0001	7.12 (2.56–19.85)	<0.0001
PSA (ng ml⁻¹)
⩽50	48 (55%)	87	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
>50	39 (45%)	87	2.93 (1.76–4.86)	<0.0001	2.09 (1.10–3.94)	0.023	3.33 (1.73–6.41)	<0.0001	1.76 (0.77–4.03)	0.183
WHO tumor grade (level of differentiation)
Well/moderately	35 (40%)	87	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Poorly	52 (60%)	87	1.65 (1.03–2.66)	0.039	1.17 (0.69–2.00)	0.556	1.93 (1.04–3.57)	0.038	1.20 (0.61–2.39)	0.596
Clinical stage ^c
Localized	37 (43%)	87	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Advanced	50 (57%)	87	2.13 (1.32–3.45)	0.002	1.68 (0.91–3.08)	0.097	3.87 (1.94–7.70)	<0.0001	3.62 (1.55–8.45)	0.003
Age^d	87	1.06 (1.03–1.09)	<0.0001	1.03 (1.00–1.06)	0.048	1.06 (1.02–1.10)	0.003	1.03 (0.99–1.08)	0.108

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ESCGP, embryonic stem cell gene predictors; PCa, prostate cancer; WHO, World Health Organization.
^aEighty-seven out of the 95 clustered samples had all clinical information including age at diagnosis, PSA value, WHO tumor grade and clinical stage. Univariate and multivariate analyses included these 87 samples.
^bThe ESCGP signature includes the expression levels of VGLL3, IGFBP3 and F3, and classified samples into three tumor subtypes (Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3) by Cluster analysis (Figure 2a). It was modeled as a non-continuous variable with three categories according to the tumor subtype.
^cLocalized clinical stage was defined as T⩽100 ng ml⁻¹. Advanced clinical stage was defined as T⩾T3 or N1 or M1 or PSA>100 ng ml⁻¹.
^dAge was modeled as a continuous variable. The hazard ratio is for each 1.0 year increase in age.

Search