Abstract
In this work, conducting poly(aniline)/zeolite (PANI-HY) composites used for a carbon dioxide (CO2) gas sensor, were prepared in two ways, The first method utilized in situ polymerization of aniline with ammonium perdisulfate as an oxidizer in an aqueous medium with addition of zeolite type HY-free acids. The second method involved the dispersion of various fractions of HY (5, 10, 15, 20 and 50 wt %) in a PANI-HCl matrix by physical mixing. We focused mainly on studying the conductivity with respect to temperature and gas environment. The synthesized conducting composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, porosity and X-ray Diffraction. The PANI-HY composites showed the ability to detect CO2 at room temperature.
Similar content being viewed by others
Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Malinauskas, A. Chemical deposition of conducting polymer. Polymer (Guildf) 42, 3957–3972 (2001).
Ohtani, A., Abe, M. & Ezoe, M. Synthesis and properties of high-molecular-weight soluble polyaniline and its application to the 4 mb-capacity barium ferrite floppy disks antistatic coating. Synthet. Metal. 55-57, 3696–3701 (1993).
Davies, S. J., Ryan, T. G., Wilde, C. J. & Beyef, G. Processable forms of conductive polyaniline. Synthet. Metal. 69, 209–210 (1995).
Samrana, K., Vazid, A., Zulfequar, M., Mazharul Haq, M. & Husain, M. Electrical, thermal and spectroscopic studies of Te doped polyaniline. Curr. Appl. Phys. 7, 68–75 (2007).
Kim, J., Kwon, S. & Ihm, D. Synthesis and characterization of organic soluble polyaniline prepared by one-step emulsion polymerization. Curr. Appl. Phys. 7, 205–210 (2007).
Rubinger, C. P. L., Costa, L. C., Faez, R., Martins, C. R. & Rubinger, R. M. Hopping conduction on PAni/PSS blends. Synthet. Metal. 159, 523–527 (2009).
Srivastava, A., Singh, V., Chandra, A., Witte, K., Scherer, U. W. & Singh, T. V. Electrical conductivity studies of swift heavy ion modified PVC and PVC–PANI composite. Nuclear Instruments Methods Phys. Res. B 245, 277–280 (2006).
Mo, Z., Zhao, Z., Chen, H., Niu, G. & Shi, H. Heterogeneous preparation of cellulose–polyaniline conductive composites with cellulose activated by acids and its electrical properties. Carbohydr. Polymers 75, 660–664 (2009).
Banerjee, S. & Kumar, A. J. Dielectric behavior and charge transport in polyaniline nanofiber reinforced PMMA composites. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 71, 381–388 (2010).
Oliveira, M. A. S., Mora, J. J. & Faez, R. Impedance studies of poly(methylmethacrylate-co-acrylic acid) doped polyaniline films on aluminum alloy. Prog. Org. Coating 65, 348–356 (2009).
Vulpe, S., Nastase, F., Nastase, C. & Stamatin, I. PAN–PAni nanocomposites obtained in thermocentrifugal fields. Thin Solid Films 495, 113–117 (2006).
Inamuddin Khan, A. A. Preparation, physico-chemical characterization, analytical applications and electrical conductivity measurement studies of an ‘organic–inorganic’ composite cation-exchanger: polyaniline Sn(IV) phosphate. React. Funct. Polym. 66, 1649–1663 (2006).
Khan, A. A. & Paquiza, L. Electrical behavior of conducting polymer based ‘polymeric–inorganic’ nanocomposite: polyaniline and polypyrrole zirconium titanium phosphate. Synthet. Metal. 161, 899–905 (2011).
Wong, K. H., Pickering, S. J. & Rudd, C. D. Recycled carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite for electromagnetic interference shielding. Composites: Part A 41, 693–702 (2010).
Papathanassiou, A. N., Grammatikakis, J., Sakellis, I., Sakkopoulos, S., Vitorats, E. & Dalas, E. Themal degradation of the dielectric relaxation of 10–90% (w/w) zeolite-conducting polypyrrole composites. Synthet. Metal. 150, 145–151 (2005).
Yanga, L. Y. & Liaua, W. B. Environmental responses of polyaniline inverse opals: application to gas sensing. Synthet. Metal. 160, 609–614 (2010).
Yan, X. B., Han, Z. J., Yang, Y. & Tay, B. K. NO2 gas sensing with polyaniline nanofibers synthesized by a facile aqueous/organic interfacial polymerization. Sensors Actuators B 123, 107–113 (2007).
Sadek, A. Z., Wlodarski, W., Shin, K., Kaner, R. B. & Kalantar-zadeh, K. A polyaniline/WO3 nanofiber composite-based ZnO/64° YX LiNbO3 SAW hydrogen gas sensor. Synthet. Metal. 158, 29–32 (2008).
Du, Z., Li, C., Li, L., Yu, H., Wang, Y. & Wang, T. Ammonia gas detection based on polyaniline nanofibers coated on interdigitated array electrodes. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron 22, 418–421 (2011).
Bai, H. & Shi, G. Gas sensors based on conducting polymers. Sensors 7, 267–307 (2007).
Kalendová, A., Veselý, D., Sapurina, I. & Stejskal, J. Anticorrosion efficiency of organic coatings depending on the pigment volume concentration of polyaniline phosphate. Prog. Org. Coating 63, 228–237 (2008).
Samui, A. B. & Phadnis, S. M. Polyaniline–dioctyl phosphate salt for corrosion protection of iron. Prog. Org. Coating 54, 263–267 (2005).
Javed, A., Ufana, R., Ashraf, S. M. & Sharif, A. Corrosion-protective performance of nano polyaniline/ferrite dispersed alkyd coatings. J. Coat. Technol. Res. 5, 123–128 (2008).
Armelin, E., Pla, R., Liesa, F., Ramis, X., Iribarren, J. I. & Aleman, C. Corrosion protection with polyaniline and polypyrrole as anticorrosive additives for epoxy paint. Corros. Sci. 50, 721–728 (2008).
Tierrablanca, E., GarcÃa, J. R., Roman, P. & Silva, R. C. Biomimetic polymerization of aniline using hematin supported on halloysite nanotubes. Appl. Catal. A 381, 267–273 (2010).
Marjanovic, G. C., Dondur, V., Milojevic, M., Mojovic, M., Mentus, S., Radulovic, A., Vukovic, Z. & Stejskal, J. Synthesis and characterization of conducting self-assembled polyaniline nanotube/zeolite nanocomposite. Langmuir 25, 3122–3131 (2009).
Bein, T. & Enzel, P. Inclusion polymerization and doping in zeolite channel: polyaniline. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst 181, 315–324 (1990).
Seoudi, R., Kamal, M., Shabaka, A. A., Abdelrazek, E. M. & Eisaa, W. Synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic studies of CdS/polyaniline core/shell nanocomposite. Synthet. Metal. 160, 479–484 (2010).
Cuentas-Gallegos, A. K. & Ǵomez-Romero, P. Triple hybrid materials: a novel concept within the field of organic–inorganic hybrids. J. Power Sources 161, 580–586 (2006).
Chen, H., Matsumoto, A., Nishimiya, N. & Tsutsumi, K. Preparation and characterization of TiO2 incorporated Y-zeolite. Physicochem Eng Aspects 157, 295–305 (1999).
Datka, J., Gil, B., Domagala, T. & Marek, K. G. Homogeneous OH group in dealuminated HY zeolite studied by spectroscopy. Microporous Mesoporous Mat. 47, 61–66 (2001).
Virji, S., Kojima, R., Fowler, J. D., Villanueva, J. G., Kaner, R. B. & Weiller, B. H. Polyaniline nanofiber composites with amines: novel materials for phosgene detection. Nano. Res. 2, 135–142 (2009).
Jayamurugan, P., Mariappan, R., Ponnuswamy, V., Manikandan, H., Asokan, S. & Saravanan, S. High-PL efficiency of polyaniline using various dopants. Optik Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 122, 2083–2085 (2011).
Anunziat, O. A., Gómez Costa, M. & B.MartÃnez, M. L. Interaction of water and aniline adsorbed onto Na-AlMCM-41 and Na-AlSBA-15 catalysts as hosts materials. Catal. Today 133–135, 897–905 (2008).
Karim, M. R., Limb, K. T., Lee, M. S., Kim, K. & Yeum, J. H. Sulfonated polyaniline–titanium dioxide nanocomposites synthesized by one-pot UV-curable polymerization method. Synthet. Metal. 159, 209–213 (2009).
Nandi, M., Gangopadhyay, R. & Bhaumik, A. Mesoporous polyaniline having high conductivity at room temperature. Microporous Mesoporous Mat. 109, 239–247 (2008).
Vitoratos, E., Sakkopoulos, S., Dalas, E., Malkaj, P. & Anestis, C. D.C. conductivity and thermal aging of conducting zeolite/polyaniline and zeolite/polypyrrole blends. Curr. Appl. Phys 7, 578–581 (2007).
Shao, L., Qiua, J., Liu, M., Feng, H., Zhang, G., Lü, S. & Qin, L. Preparation and characterization of attapulgite/polyaniline nanofibers via self-assembling and graft polymerization. Chem. Eng. J. 161, 301–307 (2010).
Li, J., Fang, K., Qiu, H., Li, S. & Mao, W. Micromorphology and electrical property of the HCl-doped and DBSA-doped polyanilines. Synthet. Metal. 142, 107–111 (2004).
Chuapradit, C., Wannatong, L. R. & Chotpattananont, D. Polyaniline/zeolite LTA composites and electrical conductivity response towards CO. Polymer (Elsevier) 46, 947–953 (2005).
Dalas, E., Vitoratos, E., Sakkopoulos, S. & Malkaj, P. Polyaniline/zeolite as the cathode in a novel gel electrolyte primary dry cell. J. Power Sources 128, 319–332 (2004).
Vitoratos, E., Sakkopoulos, S., Dalas, E., Malkaj, P. & Anestis, C. D. C.conductivity and thermal aging of conducting zeolite/polyaniline and zeolite/polypyrrole blends. Curr. Appl. Phys. 7, 578–58 (2007).
Neethirajan, S., Freund, M. S., Jayas, D. S., Shafai, C., Thomson, D. J. & White, N. D. G. Development of carbondioxide (CO2) sensor for grain quality monitoring. Biosyst. Eng. 106, 395–404 (2010).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Safidine, Z., Ghebache, Z. & Lamouri, S. Thermoelectrical characterization of new material based on PANI/zeolite HY composite, used for the detection of carbon dioxide. Polym J 45, 946–954 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/pj.2012.232
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/pj.2012.232
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Elaboration and characterization of new adsorbents based on conducting PANI/zeolite HY/TiO2 nanocomposite applied for chromate adsorption
Polymer Bulletin (2023)
-
Effect of Hematite on the Energy Storage Performance of Polyaniline/Zeolite HY/α-Fe2O3 Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Electrode
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials (2021)
-
Electrospun Magnetic Zeolite/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers for Extraction of PAHs from Waste Water: Optimized with Central Composite Design
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials (2019)
-
Synthesis and Electrical Conducting Properties of Poly(aniline) Doped With Zeolite HY Nanocomposites Containing SnO2 for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrode
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials (2019)


