Abstract
Chemiluminescence spectra of natural rubber, chloroprene rubber and ethylene propylene diene rubber were measured in N2 and in air with a multichannel Fourier-transform chemiluminescence spectrometer. Samples were measured after γ-ray irradiation in air and in the absence of O2. No strong emission was observed for natural rubber heated in N2 after the sample was γ-irradiated in the absence of O2, but a strong emission from the sample was observed at 631 nm in air. An emission from chloroprene rubber was observed around 659 nm even when the sample was not γ-irradiated. A similar band was observed after the sample was γ-irradiated in air and in the absence of O2. A strong emission from ethylene propylene diene rubber was observed in air only when the sample was γ-irradiated in air. The observed spectrum was separated into two bands at 678 and 523 nm, where the former and the latter were tentatively assigned to peroxidic compounds and excited carbonyl groups, respectively. The relative intensity of the two bands changed during the measurement. It is concluded that luminescence spectroscopy using a multichannel spectrometer is a powerful technique to examine the oxidative degradation of elastomers.
Similar content being viewed by others
Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Spinks, J. W. T. & Woods, R. J. An Introduction to Radiation Chemistry 3rd edn (Wiley-Interscience, New York, USA, 1990).
Hama, Y., Hamanaka, K., Matsumoto, H., Kudoh, H., Sasuga, T. & Sekiguchi, T. Inhomogeneous degradation of polymers irradiated by X-ray, γ-ray, and ion-beam as studied by micro-FT-IR. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 46, 819–822 (1995).
Zenkiewicz, M., Rauchfleisz, M. & Czuprynska, J. Comparison some oxidation effects in polyethylene film irradiated with electron beam or gamma-rays. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 68, 799–809 (2003).
Zaharescu, T. & Jipa, S. Evaluation of radiochemical effects in ethylene-propylene elastomers. Polym. Test. 16, 107–113 (1997).
Palmas, P., Colsenet, R., Lamarie, L. & Sebban, M. Ageing of EPDM elastomers exposed to γ-radiation studied by 1H broadband and 13C high-resolution solid-state NMR. Polymer 44, 4889–4897 (2003).
Wang, W. & Qu, B. Photo- and thermo-oxidative degradation of photocrosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 81, 531–537 (2003).
Özdemir, T. Gamma irradiation degradation/modification of 5-ethylidene 2-norbornene (ENB)-based ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) depending on ENB content of EPDM and type/content of peroxides used in vulcanization. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 77, 787–793 (2008).
Alam, T. M., Celina, M., Assink, R. A., Clough, R. L. & Gillen, K. T. 17O-NMR investigation of oxidative degradation of polymers under γ-radiation. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 60, 121–127 (2001).
Özdemir, T. & Usanmaz, A. Degradation of poly(carbonate urethane) by γ-irradiation. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 76, 1069–1074 (2007).
Ashby, G. E. Oxyluminescence from polypropylene. J. Polym. Sci. 50, 99–106 (1961).
Ghaemy, M. & George, A. Hydroperoxide formation and effect of stabilizers on integrated chemiluminescence in the early stages of polypropylene photo-oxidation. Iran. J. Polym. Sci. Tech. 2, 44–56 (1993).
Jipa, S., Osawa, Z., Ohtsuki, H. & Nishimoto, M. Chemiluminescence assessment of the effectiveness of some phenolic antioxidants for heat stabilization of irradiated LDPE. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 56, 45–53 (1997).
Kron, A., Reitberger, T. & Stenberg, B. Luminescence from γ- and β-irradiated HDPE and LLDPE. Polym. Int. 42, 131–137 (1997).
Yoshii, F., Sasaki, T., Makuuchi, K. & Tamura, N. Durability of radiation-sterilized polymers I. Estimation of oxidative degradation in polymers by chemiluminescence. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 30, 3339–3346 (1985).
Setnescu, R., Jipa, S., Setnescu, T., Padina, C. & Osawa, Z. Chemiluminescence study on the oxidation of several polyolefins: II. Chemiluminescence from γ-irradiated polymers. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 61, 109–117 (1998).
Ito, M. Effect of irradiation on chemiluminescence of EPR pure valcanisate. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 41, 443–446 (1993).
Zhong, X., Yoshii, F., Sasaki, T., Yagi, T. & Makuuchi, K. Chemiluminescence studies of radiation induced oxidation of various polyethylenes. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 51, 159–165 (1996).
Jacobson, K., Eriksson, P., Reitberger, T. & Stenberg, T. Chemiluminescence as a tool for polyolefin oxidation studies. Adv. Polym. Sci. 169, 151–176 (2004).
Shard, M. P. & Russell, C. A. Oxyluminescence of polymers II. Effect of temperature and antioxidants. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 8, 997–1006 (1964).
Blakey, I., Goss, B. & George, G. Chemiluminescence as a probe of polymer oxidation. Aust. J. Chem. 59, 485–498 (2006).
Tsukino, K., Satoh, T., Ishii, H. & Nakata, M. Development of a multichannel fourier-transform spectrometer to measure weak chemiluminescence: application to the emission of singlet-oxygen dimol in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with gallic acid and K3[Fe(CN)6]. Chem. Phys. Lett. 457, 444–447 (2008).
Karakisawa, T., Yamada, T., Sekine, M., Ishii, H., Satoh, C., Millington, K. R. & Nakata, M. Thermal luminescence spectra of polyamides and their Maillard reaction with reducing sugars. Luminescence doi:10.1002/bio.1359 (in press).
Jiang, D. D., Levchik, G.F., Levchik, S.V., Dick, C., Liggat, J. J., Snape, C. E. & Wilkie, C. A. Thermal degradation of cross-linked polyisoprene and polychloroprene. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 68, 75–82 (2000).
Khan, A. U. & Kasha, M. Chemiluminescence arising from simultaneous transitions in pairs of singlet oxygen molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 3293–3300 (1970).
Beavan, S. W., Hackett, P. A. & Phillips, D. Phosphorescence of carbonyl compounds produced by thermal and photo-oxidation of polybutadiene. Eur. Polym. J. 10, 925–932 (1974).
For example Kazakov, D. V., Kazakov, V. P., Maistrenko, G. Y., Mal'zef, D. V. & Schmidt, R. On the effect of 1,4-diazabicylco[2,2,2]octane on the singlet oxygen dimol emission: chemical generation of (1O2)2 in peroxide reactions. J. Phys. Chem. 111, 4267–4273 (2007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hironiwa, T., Yamada, T., Ishii, H. et al. Thermal luminescence spectroscopy of γ-irradiated elastomers using a multichannel Fourier-transform chemiluminescence spectrometer. Polym J 44, 1015–1021 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/pj.2012.56
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/pj.2012.56
