Abstract
We are interested in determining whether premature birth alters expression of counterregulatory cytokines which modulate lung inflammation. Production of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, and IL-8 is regulated in part by the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10. For preterm newborns with hyaline membrane disease, deficiencies in the ability of lung macrophages to express antiinflammatory cytokines may predispose to chronic lung inflammation. We compared the expression of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines at the mRNA and protein level in the lungs of preterm and term newborns with acute respiratory failure from hyaline membrane disease or meconium aspiration syndrome. Four sequential bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were obtained during the first 96 h of life from all patients. All patients rapidly developed an influx of neutrophils and macrophages. Over time, cell populations in both groups became relatively enriched with macrophages. The expression of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA and/or protein was present in all samples from both patient groups. In contrast, IL-10 mRNA was undetectable in most of the cell samples from preterm infants and present in the majority of cell samples from term infants. IL-10 concentrations were undetectable in lavage fluid from preterm infants with higher levels in a few of the BAL samples from term infants. These studies demonstrate that1) IL-10 mRNA and protein expression by lung inflammatory cells is related to gestational age and 2) during the first 96 h of life neutrophil cell counts and IL-8 expression decrease in BAL from term infants, but remain unchanged in BAL samples from preterm infants.
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Abbreviations
- HMD:
-
hyaline membrane disease
- MAS:
-
meconium aspiration syndrome
- ARF:
-
acute respiratory failure
- ARDS:
-
adult respiratory distress syndrome
- CLD:
-
chronic lung disease
- BAL:
-
bronchoalveolar lavage
- TNF:
-
tumor necrosis factor
- RT:
-
reverse transcriptase
- PCR:
-
polymerase chain reaction
- IFN:
-
interferon
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr. Florence Hofman and her laboratory for assistance with this work as well as Donna Cho for excellent secretarial services. We also thank the Nursing and Respiratory Therapy staff of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Women's & Children's Hospital for their help in obtaining the BAL samples.
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Supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant HL 48298 and by the Hastings Foundation.
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Jones, C., Cayabyab, R., Kwong, K. et al. Undetectable Interleukin (IL)-10 and Persistent IL-8 Expression Early in Hyaline Membrane Disease: A Possible Developmental Basis for the Predisposition to Chronic Lung Inflammation in Preterm Newborns. Pediatr Res 39, 966–975 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199606000-00007
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199606000-00007
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